Basque etymology : Query result

Proto-Basque: *i=hunc

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dew

Araban: iunz

Bizkaian: iruntz, (Gernika) irauntz, (Arratia, Orozko, Txorierri), iñontz, (Txorierri, Zigoitia) euntz

Gipuzkoan: intz

High Navarrese: intz

Low Navarrese: ihitz

Salazarese: intz

Lapurdian: ihintz

Baztanese: intz

Zuberoan: ĩ́hĩtz

Roncalese: intz

Comments: BZK /r/ is difficult to explain. Cf. PNC *xwɨ̆mc̣_wɨ̄ 'dirt, bog'.

Proto-Basque: *i=ɫhinti

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: firebrand, ember

Bizkaian: ilinti, ilindi, illenti, illeti

Gipuzkoan: illeti

High Navarrese: illeti

Salazarese: illendi

Lapurdian: ilhendi, illeti

Zuberoan: ilhínti

Roncalese: (Uztárroz) ilinti, (Vidángoz) illindi

Comments: Cf. ilindi (ANV, BZT, SAL, LAB) 'dead ear of wheat', probably < *'dry thing'. Some northern dialects have expressive variants itxindi, itxendi.

Proto-Basque: *i=śać

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 broom (plant) 2 broom (implement) 3 tail (of animal) 4 sorghum

Bizkaian: gisats 1

Gipuzkoan: isats 1, 3

High Navarrese: isats 1, 2

Low Navarrese: iats, jats 1, 2, 4

Lapurdian: isats, itsats 1, 2, jats 1, 2, 4

Baztanese: itsats 1, 2

Zuberoan: jats 4

Roncalese: isats 1

Comments: isats 'tail' listed in Diccionario "IKAS" as general GIP. According to Azkue, restricted to the village of Beterri (for the meaning 'tail'). More generally 'broom' (made from furze, or other 'broom' plant of the Genisteae tribe).

Proto-Basque: *i=serdi

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 sweat 2 sap

Bizkaian: izardi 1, (arc) izerdi 1

Gipuzkoan: izerdi 1

High Navarrese: izerdi 1, 2

Low Navarrese: izerdi 1, 2

Salazarese: izerdi 1, 2

Lapurdian: izerdi 1, (arc) 2

Baztanese: izerdi 1, 2

Zuberoan: izerdi 1

Roncalese: izerdi 1, 2

Comments: For the semantics of ‘sweat ~ blood’ cf. Icelandic sveiti ‘sweat; (poetic) blood’, Swedish (dial.) sveitt, šveitt, etc., 'blood (of a slaughtered animal), blood (from a sore)’, Old English swǣtan ‘to sweat, to bleed’, etc.

Proto-Basque: *i=soc

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 frost, ice 2 dew 3 drizzle

Bizkaian: (Markina) izotz 1

Gipuzkoan: izotz 1

Low Navarrese: (Aldude) izotz 1

Salazarese: izotz 1

Lapurdian: izotz 1, (Ainhoa) izotz 3

Baztanese: izotz 1

Zuberoan: ízotz 1

Roncalese: izotz 1, (Uztárroz) izotz 2, 3

Comments: The NC attestation of *ʒwVnć(w)V is very limited. Bsq *s = PNC *ʒ is well established, but other matches of Bsq *-c ~ PNC *-nć- are unknown. Thus this Bsq-NC comparison is quite tentative.

Proto-Basque: *i=śtu

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: spittle, saliva

Gipuzkoan: istu

High Navarrese: iztu, ixtu

Comments: An expressive form that phonetically matches PEC *šHătV, with the usual syncope < *i=śutu, or the like. This and other similar forms (txistu, listu, lixtu, etc.) are the results of much cross-contamination and blending with Bsq *tu ‘to spit’, *lić ‘saliva’, etc.

Proto-Basque: *i=til

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 puddle, small pool, pond 2 small puddle

Gipuzkoan: istil 1, ixtil 2

High Navarrese: (Esteribar) istil 1, ixtil 2

Low Navarrese: istil 1, ixtil 2

Lapurdian: istil 1, ixtil 2

Baztanese: itil 1, istil 1, ixtil 2

Zuberoan: istil 1, ixtil 2

Comments: In this analysis *i=til (BZT) is original (cf. Kryz w=iṭil 'drop, dripping', etc.), and the variants istil, ixtil are contaminated by *i=śtu 'saliva, spittle' (q.v.).

Proto-Basque: *i=tur̄i

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: fountain, spring

Bizkaian: iturri

Gipuzkoan: iturri

Low Navarrese: ithurri

Salazarese: iturri

Lapurdian: ithurri

Zuberoan: üthǘrri

Roncalese: uturri

Comments: Cf. especially Karata ṭor- 'to drop, drip, flow'. For 'spring, source' the compound *itur̄-begi 'fountain-eye' is used (cf. Span. ojo, Arabic, Hebrew ʕayin with this sense), or *itur̄-sulɦo 'fountain-hole'. Some other forms from this root seem to be Bsq *e=to ‘to drown’ and *i=to- ‘gutter’.

Proto-Basque: *ista- (*i=sta-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 groin 2 thigh 3 hamstring, back of knee

Bizkaian: iztai, iztei 1, iztar, izter 2, (arc) iztegi 1

Gipuzkoan: iztar 2

High Navarrese: izta-tu 3

Low Navarrese: (Amikuse) izta-zain 3, (arc) ixter 2

Salazarese: izter 2, izta-zain 3

Lapurdian: izter 2

Zuberoan: íxter 2, ixte-záñ 3

Roncalese: izta-zaĩ 3

Comments: An interesting SC comparison, with limited NC attestation (Circassian), but based on Burushaski cognates, probably archaic.

Proto-Basque: *kaiku

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: wooden bowl (used for milking sheep)

Bizkaian: kaiku

Gipuzkoan: kaiku

High Navarrese: (Esteribar) kaiku

Lapurdian: (Ainhoa) kaiku

Baztanese: kaiku

Comments: Michelena (1961) and Trask (1995) try to derive this word from an obscure Latin word caucu-, which seems historically unlikely for this lowly shepherd's implement. Furthermore, the development of Lat /au/ > Bsq /ai/ is only eastern (e.g. ZBR, RNC gáiza ‘thing’ < causa, which is gauza in the West), and kaiku is attested mainly in the West.

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